Matching circuit

ABSTRACT

The present invention has for its object to provide a matching circuit with multiband capability which can be reduced in size, even if the number of handled frequency bands rises. The matching circuit of the present invention comprises a load having frequency-dependent characteristics, a first matching block connected with one end to the load with frequency-dependent characteristics, and a second matching block formed by lumped elements connected in series to the first matching block. And then, when a certain frequency band is used, matching is obtained with the series impedance of the first matching block and the second matching block. When a separate frequency band is used, a π-type circuit is constituted by connecting auxiliary matching blocks to both sides of the second matching block. Next, at the same frequency, by taking the combined impedance of this π-type circuit and a load whose characteristics do not depend on the frequency to be Z 0 , the influence of the second matching block is removed.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention pertains to a matching circuit handling multiple bandswhich, in a plurality of frequency bands, establishes matching betweencircuits having different impedances. It pertains to matching circuitsbuilt into small-sized multiband power amplifiers which amplify, withhigh efficiency, signals in a plurality of frequency bands used e.g. inmobile communications and satellite communications.

2. Description of Related Art

Accompanying the diversification of services offered by means of radiocommunications, conversion to multiband capability for processingsignals in a plurality of frequency bands is required of radioequipment. As an indispensable device included in radio equipment, thereis the power amplifier. In order to carry out efficient amplification,there is a need to obtain impedance matching between the amplificationelement and its peripheral circuits, so a matching circuit is used. Asan example of a conventional multiband power amplifier, technology asshown in Reference 1 (NTT DoCoMo Technical Journal, Vol. 10, No. 1:“Mobile Handsets”) is disclosed.

The configuration of the 800 MHz/2 GHz band power amplifier shown inReference 1 is shown in FIG. 1, and the operation thereof will beexplained. The transmitted signal coming from the transmitter is inputinto the single pole terminal of an input switch 150, a Single PoleDouble Throw (SPDT) switch. Next, the transmitted signal, by beingswitched by input switch 150, is input into an 800 MHz band amplifier151 connected to a double throw terminal of input switch 150, or a 2 GHzband amplifier 152. The output signals of 800 MHz band amplifier 151 and2 GHz band amplifier 152 are switched by an output switch 153, a SinglePole Double Throw switch, and supplied to an antenna.

In FIG. 2, the configuration of 800 MHz band amplifier 151 and 2 GHzband amplifier 152 is shown. Each amplifier is configured with a seriesconnection of an input matching circuit 160, an amplification element161, and an output matching circuit 162. Input matching circuit 160obtains matching between a signal source 163, whose output impedancedoes not depend on the frequency, and amplification element 161. Outputmatching circuit 162 obtains matching between the output impedance ofamplification element 161 and a load 164.

Since the input impedance of amplification element 161 constituting eachamplifier varies with frequency, input matching circuit 160 and outputmatching circuit 162 are different depending on the operationfrequencies, even if the same amplification element 161 is used.Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 1, separate amplifiers 151, 152 handlingeach frequency band have been necessary. Consequently, there has beenthe problem that the total circuit area of the transmitter became largeras the operating frequency bands rose.

In order not to increase the circuit area of an amplifier, the method ofdesigning matching circuits for wideband operation can also beconsidered. However, compared to matching circuits designed fornarrowband operation, the result is that there occurs a reduction ingain and efficiency. Accordingly, with respect to these problems, theapplicant of the present application first proposed, in Reference 2(International Publication No. WO 2004/082138 Pamphlet), a matchingcircuit which can handle the conversion to multiband capability. Theinput matching circuit of the amplifier disclosed in Reference 2 isshown in FIG. 3. E.g., the FET (Field Effect Transistor) input impedancecan be expressed as a load 170 (impedance Z_(L)(f)) havingfrequency-dependent characteristics. A first terminal P1 to which thisload 170 is connected has a main matching block 171 connected to it. Theother end (point A) of main matching block 171 is connected to one endof a delay circuit 172 having a certain reactance value. The other end(point B) of delay circuit 172 is connected to a signal source 173having an impedance Z0 (below, the impedance not changing with frequencyis called Z0).

Main matching block 171 is designed to match the impedance Z_(L)(f1) ofload 170 with the impedance Z0 of signal source 173, in frequency bandf1. In other words, main matching block 171 becomes a matching circuitwith respect to frequency f1. Delay circuit 172 is constituted by adistributed-parameter element, the characteristic impedance of which isgiven, as is well known, by the relationship shown in Eq. 1.Z0=√{square root over (L/C)}  (1)

Here, L is the inductance of the distributed-parameter element and C isthe capacitance of the distributed-parameter element. Consequently, bytaking the characteristic impedance of delay circuit 172 to be Z0,matching is obtained in frequency band f1 between signal source 173 andload 170.

When operating in a frequency band f2, different from frequency band f1(e.g. when frequency band f2 is lower than frequency band f1), theimpedance of load 170 changes to Z_(L)(f2). Also, since main matchingblock 171 is a matching circuit with respect to frequency f1, matchingbetween signal source 173 and load 170 is not obtained at frequency f2.Accordingly, an auxiliary matching block 175 is connected via switchelement 174 to point B. And then, when operating in frequency band f2,switch element 174 is taken to be in a conducting state. By choosing aconfiguration like this, it is possible, whichever is the value of theimpedance estimated from point A toward the side of load 170, to makethe impedance Z0, seen from point B toward the side of delay circuit172. Here, the delay value of delay circuit 172 is set to the delayvalue required to match at point B in frequency band f2.

With the same approach as for the matching circuit shown in FIG. 3, anexample where the number of frequency bands which can be handled hasbeen increased to three is shown in FIG. 4. By the fact that the numberof frequency bands has increased from two to three, the system increasesby one additional set, the set of delay circuit 180, switch element 181,and auxiliary matching block 182. In a third frequency band f3, theimpedance Z_(L)(f3) of load 170 is regulated by means of delay circuit180 and auxiliary matching block 182 so that the impedance seen frompoint C toward the side of delay circuit 180 becomes Z0. Further, sincethe characteristic impedances of the delay circuits are fixed and do notdepend on the frequency, it is possible to obtain matching betweensignal source 173 and load 170 in each frequency band if switch element174 and switch element 181 are chosen to be in a non-conducting state inthe case of frequency band f1, switch element 174 is chosen to be in aconducting state for in the case of frequency band f2, and switchelement 181 is chosen to be in a conducting state in the case offrequency band f3.

In this way, by providing auxiliary matching blocks connected via switchelements between the delay circuits along with connecting in series inmultiple stages delay circuits whose impedances do not vary withfrequency, there is implemented a matching circuit capable of matchingwith respect to a plurality of frequency bands. Further, the delay valuerequired in frequency band f3 can be considered to be the sum of thevalues for delay circuit 172 and delay circuit 180.

As for delay circuits 172 and 180, it is realistic to choose them to betransmission lines which are distributed parameter networks. However,particularly in cases where the frequency is low, transmission linesbecome comparatively large components inside the circuit. E.g., if load170 is taken to be a FET and in case an amplifier for the 1 GHz band isdesigned, a 50Ω transmission line has a width of 0.63 mm and a length of9.22 mm, so the result is a component having a length of about 10 mm.

In the technology shown in the aforementioned Reference 2, the delaycircuits are realistically constituted by transmission lines. However,in the case of transmission lines, the length easily becomescomparatively long. In particular, in the case where the used frequencyis low, the area of a transmission line serving as a delay circuitbecomes large, so there has been the problem that the matching circuitas a whole also was made bigger. Further, this problem increases as thefrequency becomes lower, and as the number of frequencies rises.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The matching circuit of the present invention has a first matchingblock, connected at one end to a load having an impedance withfrequency-dependent characteristics and a second matching block formedby a lumped-parameter element connected in series to the first matchingblock. E.g., the second matching block matches the impedances of thesignal source and the load in the lowest frequency band. Moreover, forthe purpose of impedance matching in high frequency bands, it has aπ-type circuit. A π-type circuit is a circuit in which respective switchelements and auxiliary matching blocks are connected to both ends of thesecond matching block.

According to a configuration like this, the matching conditions in theaforementioned low frequency band can be created by a series connectionof the first matching block and the second matching block. Further, inthe case of a high frequency band, by setting an appropriate value forthe π-type circuit, it is possible to choose the impedance of the π-typecircuit to be Z0 and to choose the impedance of the second matchingblock to be one with no influence for the high frequency band. Moreover,since the second matching block is constituted by lumped elements, it ispossible to make the matching circuit smaller-sized than theconventional matching circuit constituted by transmission lines.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a conventional 800MHz/2 GHz band power amplifier

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of each power amplifier inFIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a conventional matching circuit.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example where the number of frequencybands which can be handled by the conventional matching circuit has beentaken to be three.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the base configuration of a matching circuitof this invention.

FIG. 6A is a diagram explaining the operation in a low frequency bandf2.

FIG. 6B is a diagram explaining the operation in a high frequency bandf1.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the configuration where the π-type circuitof a matching circuit of this invention, shown in FIG. 5, has beenreplaced with a T-type circuit.

FIG. 8 is a diagram where the matching circuit of the present invention,shown in FIG. 5, has been generalized so that it can be adapted to aplurality of frequency bands.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the image of N frequency bands.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a matching circuit usingtwo T-type circuits.

FIG. 11 is a diagram where a matching circuit of the present invention,using T-type matching circuits, has been generalized so that it can beadapted to a plurality of frequency bands.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing another configuration example of a matchingcircuit of the present invention using T-type matching circuits.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a matchingcircuit of the present invention, using T-type matching circuits whereauxiliary matching blocks have been connected in series.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example where the second matching blockof FIG. 5 is configured with an L-type circuit.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the configuration of the second matchingblock using a T-type circuit.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing another configuration of the secondmatching block using a T-type circuit.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example where the first matching blockhas been configured with a plurality of elements.

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example where a matching circuit of thisinvention has been applied to an amplification circuit.

FIG. 19A is a diagram showing the simulation results in the case of asetting for the 2 GHz band, with the configuration of FIG. 18.

FIG. 19B is a diagram showing the simulation results in the case of asetting for the 1 GHz band, with the configuration of FIG. 18.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Embodiment 1

In FIG. 5, the basic configuration of a matching circuit of the presentinvention is shown. The matching circuit of the present invention isconstituted by a first matching block 2 and a matching circuit part 8consisting of lumped elements. Matching circuit part 8 is a π-typecircuit constituted by a second matching block 3, switch elements 4 and5, and auxiliary matching blocks 6 and 7. One end of first matchingblock 2 is connected to a first terminal P1 to which an element 1 (aload in this example) having an impedance Z_(L)(f) withfrequency-dependent characteristics is connected. To the other end offirst matching block 2, one end of second matching block 3 is connectedin series. The other end of second matching block 3 is connected, via asecond terminal P2, to an element 9, e.g. a signal source, with animpedance Z0 whose impedance does not depend on the frequency. Also, tothe terminal on the first matching block 2 side of second matching block3, there is connected a series circuit of switch element 4 and auxiliarymatching block 6. To the other end of second matching block 3, there isconnected a series circuit of switch element 5 and auxiliary matchingblock 7. By being connected in this way, matching circuit part 8 becomesa π-type circuit.

The operation of the matching circuit in FIG. 5 will be explained usingFIG. 6A and FIG. 6B. FIG. 6A is a diagram showing the operation in a lowfrequency band f2. FIG. 6B is a diagram showing the operation in a highfrequency band f1. In the case of frequency band f2, switch elements 4and 5 of FIG. 5 are non-conducting. Consequently, in the case offrequency band f2, impedance Z2 of the second matching block is set sothat the sum Z_(A) of impedance Z_(L)(f2) of element 1 in the frequencyband f2, impedance Z1 of first matching block 2, and impedance Z2 ofsecond matching block 3 (below, the impedances will be omitted inportions where the same can be considered not to be particularlynecessary) becomes Z0. As a result, the impedances are matched at secondterminal P2.

In the frequency band f1, switch elements 4 and 5 in FIG. 5 are in aconducting state. Consequently, as shown in FIG. 6B, matching circuit 8becomes a π-type circuit in which auxiliary matching blocks 6 and 7 arerespectively connected to both ends of second matching block 3. Here,since first matching block 2 is a matching circuit for the frequencyband f1, impedance matching is obtained with impedance Z0 of element 9at point A at frequency f1. Accordingly, by making a design so that, inthe frequency band f1, the combined impedance Zπ seen from point Atoward the second terminal P2 side becomes identical to Z0 (Z0=Zπ), itis possible to remove the influence of the impedance of second matchingblock 3 in the frequency band f1. Specifically, if the impedance ofauxiliary matching block 6 is taken to be Z3 and the impedance ofauxiliary matching block 7 is taken to be Z4, Z3 and Z4 may be designedso that the condition shown in Eq. 2 is met.Zπ=(Z0Z2Z3+Z4Z2Z3+Z0Z4Z3)/(Z0Z4+Z0Z2+Z0Z3+Z4Z2+Z1Z3)  (2)

As was stated above, in the frequency band f1, it is first matchingblock 2 which operates to match impedance Z_(L)(f1) of element 1 toimpedance Z0 of element 9. Also, it is second matching block 3 whichoperates to match the impedance Z_(L)(f2) of element 1, changed by themodification of the frequency band from f1 to f2, to the impedance Z0 ofelement 9. Further, it is auxiliary matching blocks 6 and 7 whichoperate to remove the influence of second matching block 3 which is ahindrance in frequency band f1.

Matching circuit part 8 in FIG. 5 can also be configured with a T-typecircuit. An example where the matching circuit part has been configuredwith a T-type circuit is shown in FIG. 7. In FIG. 7, second matchingblock 3 in FIG. 5 is replaced by a second matching block 31 and a seriessecond matching block 32. One end of second matching block 31 isconnected to point A. The other end of second matching block 31 isconnected to one end of series second matching block 32. The other endof series second matching block 32 is connected to second terminal P2.To the connection point of second matching block 31 and series secondmatching block 32, there is connected an auxiliary matching block 34 viaa switching element 33.

The relationship between FIG. 5 and FIG. 7 cannot be converted with thewell known Y-Δ conversion (T-π conversion) relationship. In order toadopt a matching circuit equivalent to that of FIG. 5, first, the valueof the impedance of second matching block 3 must be Z2 as a condition infrequency band f2. Consequently, if the impedance of second matchingblock 31 is taken to be Za and the impedance of series second matchingblock 32 is taken to be Zb, the relationship Z2=Za+Zb must be satisfied.In order to choose a T-type circuit which is equivalent to a π-typecircuit, the impedance value of auxiliary matching block 34 may bedesigned by adding this condition. Of course, it goes without sayingthat matching block part 8 may be designed with a T-type circuit fromthe beginning. In this way, it is possible for matching circuit part 8to have a configuration which is not limited to a π-type circuit but canalso be a T-type circuit.

Embodiment 2

FIG. 8 is an example where the basic structure of this invention, shownin FIG. 5, has been generalized so that it can be adapted to a pluralityof frequency bands. This matching circuit is composed of first matchingblock 2, L-type blocks 43 a to 43 n, and shunt circuit blocks 46 a to 46n. Each L-type block 43 i (i=a to n) is composed of a second matchingblock 40 i, a first switch element 41 i, and a first auxiliary matchingblock 42 i. One terminal of second matching block 40 a is connected tofirst matching block 2. Also, the other end of second matching block 40a is connected to one terminal of second matching block 40 b. In thisway, each second matching block 40 i is connected in series. Firstauxiliary matching block 42 i is connected, via first switch element 41i, to the terminal of second matching block 40 i on the side of firstterminal P1. In other words, an L-type circuit is formed by means ofsecond matching block 40 i, first switch element 41 i, and firstauxiliary matching block 42 i.

To the second terminal P2 side of L-type block 43 n, there are connectedin parallel shunt circuit blocks 46 a to 46 n. Each shunt circuit block46 i (i=a to n) is composed of a second switch element 44 i connected inseries and a second auxiliary matching block 45 i.

Below, an explanation will be given on the operation and design methodof a matching circuit in which three L-type blocks 43 a to 43 c andthree shunt circuit blocks 46 a to 46 c are connected.

First, an explanation will be given for the case of frequency band f4.In the case of frequency band f4, first switch elements 41 a to 41 c andsecond switch elements 44 a to 44 c are all in a non-conducting state.Element 1 (impedance Z_(L)(f4)) is connected, via three second matchingblocks 40 a to 40 c connected in series, to element 9 (impedance Z0).Here, the impedance Z_(L)(f) of element 1 changes with frequency. Also,element 9 is a signal source or the like, the impedance of which doesnot depend on the frequency. Here, second matching block 40 c isdesigned so that the combined impedance of element 1, first matchingblock 2, and second matching blocks 40 a and 40 b is converted to Z0. Ifsecond matching block 40 c is designed in this way, the impedance Z0 ismatched at the second terminal P2 side end of second matching block 40c.

In the case of frequency band f3, switch element 41 c of L-type block 43c and second switch element 44 a of shunt circuit block 46 a are chosento be in a conducting state. In this case, since first auxiliarymatching block 42 c and second auxiliary matching block 45 a areconnected to both ends of second matching block 40 c, a π-type circuitis configured. Here, second matching block 40 b is designed so that thecombined impedance due to element 1 (impedance Z_(L)(f3)), firstmatching block 2, and second matching block 40 a is matched to Z0. Ifsecond matching block 40 b is designed in this way, the impedance seenfrom the second terminal P2 side of second matching block 40 b (thefirst terminal P1 side of second matching block 40 c) toward element 1becomes Z0. Also, first auxiliary matching block 42 c and secondauxiliary matching block 45 a are designed so that Eq. 2 is satisfied atfrequency f3. By designing in that way, the impedance seen from thefirst terminal P1 side of second matching block 40 c (the secondterminal P2 side of second matching block 40 b) toward element 9 alsobecomes Z0. In other words, it is possible to remove the influence ofthe impedance of second matching block 40 c, so the impedances arematched.

In the case of frequency band f2, switch element 41 b of L-type block 43b and second switch element 44 b of shunt circuit block 46 b are chosento be in a conducting state. In this case, since first auxiliarymatching block 42 b and second auxiliary matching block 45 b areconnected to both ends, connected in series, of second matching block 40c and second matching block 40 b, a π-type circuit is configured. Secondmatching block 40 a is designed so that the combined impedance due toelement 1 (impedance Z_(L)(f2)) and first matching block 2 is matched toZ0. If second matching block 40 a is designed in this way, the impedanceseen from the second terminal P2 side of second matching block 40 a (thefirst terminal P1 side of second matching block 40 b) toward element 1becomes Z0. Also, first auxiliary matching block 42 b and secondauxiliary matching block 45 b are designed so that Eq. 2 is satisfied atfrequency f2. By designing in that way, the impedance seen from thefirst terminal P1 side of second matching block 40 b (the secondterminal P2 side of second matching block 40 a) toward element 9 alsobecomes Z0. In other words, it is possible to remove the influence ofsecond matching blocks 40 b and 40 c, so the impedances are matched.

In the case of frequency band f1, switch element 41 a of L-type block 43a and second switch element 44 c of shunt circuit block 46 c are in aconducting state. In this case, since first auxiliary matching block 42a and second auxiliary matching block 45 c are connected to both ends ofsecond matching blocks 40 c to 40 a, a π-type circuit is configured.First matching block 2 is designed so that impedance Z_(L)(f1) ofelement 1 is matched to Z0. If first matching block 2 is designed inthis way, the impedance seen from the second terminal P2 side of firstmatching block 2 (the first terminal P1 side of second matching block 40a) toward element 1 becomes Z0. Also, first auxiliary matching block 42a and second auxiliary matching block 45 c are designed so that Eq. 2 issatisfied at frequency f1. By designing in that way, the impedance seenfrom the first terminal P1 side of second matching block 40 a (thesecond terminal P2 side of first matching block 2) toward element 9 alsobecomes Z0. In other words, it is possible to remove the influence ofthe impedances of second matching blocks 40 a to 40 c, so the impedancesare matched.

As stated above, it is possible to combine three L-type blocks and shuntcircuits to match the impedances at four frequencies. If this isgeneralized, the result is that it is possible, with a combination of NL-type blocks and shunt circuits, to match the impedances in N+1frequency bands.

FIG. 9 expresses the image of N frequency bands. The abscissa axis ofFIG. 9 is the frequency and the ordinate axis is the power oftransmission. In this diagram, a relation that the frequency becomeslower as N increases is shown as an example.

Further, in FIG. 8, the frequencies are arranged in the ordercorresponding to shunt circuit blocks 46 a to 46 n. However, as long asa one-to-one relationship with first auxiliary matching blocks 42 a to42 n is satisfied, the order of arranging shunt circuit blocks 46 a to46 n is indifferent.

Also, the second matching block is configured with lumped elementsconnected in series between the conductively connected first switchelement and second switch element. Consequently, even if the number ofsecond matching blocks becomes large, it is possible to make the wholecircuit remarkably small, compared to the case of a configuration withtransmission lines.

Embodiment 3

A matching circuit generalized by using π-type circuits was explained inFIG. 8, but it is also possible to configure a generalized matchingcircuit using T-type circuits. In FIG. 10, there is shown an embodimentof a matching circuit using two T-type circuits. This matching circuitis composed of first matching block 2, an L-type block part 63 a, anL-type block part 63 b, and a second matching block 60 c. One end offirst matching block 2 is connected to a first terminal P1 at which itis connected to element 1. Also, the other end of first matching block 2is connected to one end of a second matching block 60 a inside L-typeblock part 63 a. To the other end of second matching block 60 a, thereis connected an auxiliary matching block 62 a via a first switch element61 a. Moreover, the other end of second matching block 60 a is alsoconnected to one end of a second matching block 60 b inside L-type blockpart 63 b. To the other end of second matching block 60 b, an auxiliarymatching block 62 b is connected via a second switch element 61 b. Inaddition, the other end of second matching block 60 b is also connectedto one end of second matching block 60 c. Here, L-type block part 63 ais composed of second matching block 60 a, first switch element 61 a,and auxiliary matching block 62 a. Also, L-type block part 63 b iscomposed of second matching block 60 b, second switch element 61 b, andauxiliary matching block 62 b. Also, T-type matching circuits 64 and 65are composed of two L-type block parts 63 a and 63 b and one secondmatching block 60 c. T-type matching circuit 64 is composed of secondmatching blocks 60 a and 60 b, first switch element 61 a, and auxiliaryblock 62 a. Also, T-type matching circuit 65 is composed of secondmatching blocks 60 c and 60 b, second switch element 61 b, and auxiliarymatching block 62 b. In this way, a matching circuit which matchesimpedances in three frequency bands is configured in two stages withT-type matching circuits 64 and 65.

In the case of frequency band f3, switch elements 61 a and 61 b arechosen to be in a non-conducting state. The impedance of element 1changes with the frequency band. Element 1 with an impedance Z_(L)(f3)is connected, via the serially connected first matching block 2 andsecond matching blocks 60 a, 60 b, and 60 c, to element 9 which has animpedance of Z0.

Second matching block 60 b and second matching block 60 c are designedso that the combined impedance with element 1, first matching block 2,and second matching block 60 a becomes Z0. By designing second matchingblock 60 b and second matching block 60 c in this way, it is possible tomatch the impedances at second terminal P2 of second matching block 60c.

In the case of frequency band f2, switch element 61 b constitutingT-type matching circuit 65 is in a conducting state. Second matchingblock 60 a is designed so that the combined impedance with element 1,having an impedance Z_(L)(f²), and first matching block 2 is taken to beZ0. By designing second matching block 60 a in this way, the impedanceseen from point D toward element 1 becomes Z0. Also, auxiliary matchingblock 62 b is designed so that the combined impedance of second matchingblocks 60 b and 60 c, auxiliary matching block 62 b, and element 9becomes Z0. If auxiliary matching block 62 b is designed in this way,the impedance seen from point D toward the element 9 side becomes Z0.Consequently, it is possible to match the impedances at point D. Also,even on the side of second terminal P2, the impedance seen towardelement 1 is Z0. Consequently, the combined impedance of second matchingblocks 60 c and 60 b and auxiliary matching block 62 b does not exertany influence on the matching condition. In other words, auxiliarymatching block 62 b removes the influence of second matching blocks 60 cand 60 b at frequency f2.

In the case of frequency band f1, switch element 61 b constitutingT-type matching circuit 65 is in a non-conducting state, and switchelement 61 a constituting T-type matching circuit 64 is in a conductingstate. First matching block 2 is designed so that the the combinedimpedance with impedance Z_(L)(f1) of element 1 becomes Z0. By designingfirst matching block 2 in this way, the impedance seen from point Atoward element 1 becomes Z0. Next, first auxiliary matching block 62 ais designed so that the combined impedance of second matching blocks 60a, 60 b, and 60 c, auxiliary matching block 62 a, and element 9 becomesZ0. By designing first auxiliary matching block 62 a in this way, theimpedance seen from point A toward element 9 becomes Z0. Consequently,it is possible to obtain matching of the impedances at point A. Also, onthe second terminal P2 side as well, the impedance seen toward element 1is Z0. Consequently, the combined impedance of second matching blocks 60a, 60 b, 60 c and auxiliary matching block 62 a does not exert influenceany more on the matching conditions. In other words, auxiliary matchingblock 62 a removes the influence of second matching blocks 60 a, 60 b,60 c at the frequency f1.

With the aforementioned explanation, the case where switch element 61 bis non-conducting was explained. However, it is not mandatory to takeswitch element 61 b to be non-conducting. In case switch element 61 b istaken to be conducting when the frequency band is f1, auxiliary matchingblock 62 a may be designed with that assumption.

In this way, it is possible to configure a matching circuit handlingthree frequency bands by means of two T-type matching circuits 64 and65.

Embodiment 4

An example showing a generalization of the T-type matching circuitexplained in Embodiment 3 is shown in FIG. 11. The configuration up tothe second-stage L-type block 63 b seen from first matching block 2 isidentical to that of FIG. 10. On the second terminal P2 side ofsecond-stage L-type block 63 b, L-type blocks are added. In FIG. 11, atotal of N L-type blocks 63 a to 63 n are connected. To the other end ofL-type block 63 n, one end of series second matching block 70 isconnected, the other end of series second matching block 70 beingconnected to second terminal P2. N is an integer equal to or greaterthan 1. The matching circuit shown in FIG. 11 is a subordinateconnection configuration of N T-type matching circuits and is capable ofmatching in N+1 frequency bands. The operation is the same as in FIG.10.

Embodiment 5

Another T-type matching circuit embodiment is shown in FIG. 12. In FIG.10, a T-type circuit was formed using second matching blocks of adjacentL-type blocks. FIG. 12 is an example in which a plurality of auxiliarymatching blocks are connected, via switch elements, between two secondmatching blocks connected in series. This matching circuit is composedof first matching block 2 and T-type matching circuits 83 a, 83 b, and83 c. T-type matching circuit 83 a is composed of second matching blocks80 a and 80 b, a switch element 81 a, and an auxiliary matching block 82a. One end of second matching block 80 a is connected to first matchingblock 2. The other end of second matching block 80 a is connected to oneend of second matching block 80 b. Also, auxiliary matching block 82 ais connected, via switch element 81 a, between second matching block 80a and second matching block 80 b. By this kind of connectionrelationship, second matching blocks 80 a and 80 b, switch element 81 a,and auxiliary matching block 82 a make up a T-type circuit. T-typematching circuit 83 b is composed of second matching blocks 80 c and 80d, a switching element 81 b, and an auxiliary matching block 82 b.T-type matching circuit 83 c is composed of second matching blocks 80 cand 80 d, a second switching element 84, and an auxiliary matching block85. Here, second matching blocks 80 c and 80 d are constituent parts ofboth T-type matching circuit 83 b and T-type matching circuit 83 c. Withthis configuration, auxiliary matching block 82 b is connected, viaswitch element 81 b, to the connection point of second matching block 80c and second matching block 80 d. Moreover, auxiliary matching block 85is also connected, via second switch element 84, to the connection pointof second matching block 80 c and second matching block 80 d. One end ofsecond matching block 80 c is connected to second matching block 80 b.Also, the other end of second matching block 80 d is connected to thesecond terminal P2 to which element 9 is connected.

As stated above, a T-type matching circuit may be connected in multiplestages between element 1 and element 9. The present embodiment iscapable of matching in three frequency bands by means of three T-typematching circuits.

In the case of frequency band f3, switch elements 81 a and 81 b andsecond switch element 84 are non-conducting. Second matching blocks 80 cand 80 d are designed so that the combined impedance with element 1(impedance Z_(L)(f3)), first matching block 2, and second matchingblocks 80 a, 80 b is made to match the impedance Z0 of element 9 in thefrequency band f3. Consequently, impedance matching can be obtained atsecond terminal P2.

In the case of frequency band f2, it is only switch element 81 b formingT-type matching circuit 83 b that is conducting. Second matching blocks80 a and 80 b are designed so that the combined impedance of element 1(impedance Z_(L)(f²)) and first matching block 2 is made to match theimpedance Z0 of element 9 in the frequency band f2. Consequently, theimpedance seen from the second terminal P2 side of second matching block80 b (the first terminal P1 side of second matching block 80 c) towardelement 1 becomes Z0. Also, auxiliary matching block 82 b is designed sothat the combined impedance of second matching blocks 80 c and 80 d,auxiliary matching block 82 b, and element 9 becomes Z0 at the frequencyf2. By designing auxiliary matching block 82 b in this way, theimpedance seen from the first terminal P1 side of second matching block80 c (the second terminal P2 side of second matching block 80 b) towardelement 9 becomes Z0 at the frequency f2. Consequently, the impedancesare matched.

In the case of frequency band f1, switch element 81 a and second switchelement 84 are conducting. First matching block 2 is designed so thatthe impedance of element 1 (impedance Z_(L)(f2)) is made to match theimpedance Z0 of element 9 in the frequency band f1. Consequently, theimpedance seen from the second terminal P2 side of first matching block2 toward element 1 becomes Z0. Auxiliary matching block 82 a and 85 aredesigned so that, in the frequency band f1, the combined impedance ofsecond matching blocks 80 a, 80 b, 80 c and 80 d, auxiliary matchingblock 82 a, and element 9 becomes Z0. Consequently, the impedance seenfrom the second terminal P2 side of first matching block 2 (the firstterminal P1 side of second matching block 80 a) toward element 9 becomesZ0.

In this way, in the case of connecting T-type matching circuits, the twosecond matching blocks and the auxiliary matching block only make up aset with respect to one frequency band. In order to make the secondmatching blocks handle a plurality of frequency bands, a plurality ofauxiliary matching blocks becomes necessary.

Embodiment 6

As explained in Embodiment 5, in the case of connecting T-type matchingcircuits, there are cases in which, for two second matching blocks, aplurality of auxiliary matching blocks becomes necessary. In FIG. 13,there is shown a configuration example of a matching circuit using anadditional auxiliary matching block. FIG. 13 shows a configurationexample where a second switch element 90 and a second auxiliary matchingblock 91 have been connected in series with auxiliary matching block 82b of FIG. 12. Having auxiliary matching blocks connected in series intwo stages is done so that second matching blocks 80 c and 80 dconstituting T-type matching circuit 83 b can handle two frequencybands.

In the case of this example, in order for the circuit to function alsoin the case where only switch 81 b is conducting, it is necessary tochoose auxiliary matching block 82 b to be a transmission line. In caseit is not desired to provide such conditions, switch element 81 b may beconfigured with a Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) switch or amulti-contact switch, and switching may be performed between auxiliarymatching blocks with different values.

If the circuit configuration is such that the impedance of the secondmatching block inserted between element 1 and element 9 can be made Z0,seen from both the aforementioned matching point and the element 9directions, the invention is not limited to the T type or the π type.

Embodiment 7

In the explanations so far, the second matching blocks were explained asblack boxes. In FIG. 14, there is shown a configuration example ofsecond matching block 3 of FIG. 5. Second matching block 3 isconstituted by an L-type circuit consisting of a series matching block100, a switch element 101 for matching, and a matching element 102. Oneend of series matching block 100 is connected to first matching block 2.Matching element 102 is connected to the other end of series matchingblock 100 via switch element 101 for matching.

In the case of frequency band f1, switch elements 4 and 5 are in anon-conducting state, and only switch element 101 for matching isconducting. At this point, the sum of the impedances of element 1 andfirst matching block 2 are matched to impedance Z0 of element 9 by meansof series matching block 100 and matching element 102.

In the case of frequency band f2, switch elements 4 and 5 are made toconduct and switch element 101 for matching is chosen to benon-conducting. As for this configuration, it is possible, by theexistence of matching element 102, to broaden the options of secondmatching block 3 and auxiliary matching block 6 and 7. In other words,it is possible to increase the freedom in designing second matchingblock 3 by configuring second matching block 3 with series matchingblock 100, first switch element 101 for matching, and matching element102. In general, the values of the lumped elements constituting secondmatching block 3 are discrete, making delicate tuning difficult.However, according to this embodiment, it is possible to broaden thelumped element options.

Embodiment 8

Another configuration of the second matching block is shown in FIG. 15.Second matching block 3 in FIG. 15 is constituted by a T-type circuitconsisting of second matching blocks 60 a and 60 b, a switch element 110for matching, and a matching element 111. Second matching block 60 a andsecond matching block 60 b are connected in series. One end of secondmatching block 60 a is connected to first matching block 2. The otherend of second matching block 60 b is connected to second terminal P2.Matching element 111 is connected, via switch element 110 for matching,to the connection point of second matching block 60 a and secondmatching block 60 b.

Switch element 110 for matching and matching element 111 are provided inorder to increase the freedom in designing the second matching blocksand auxiliary matching block 7 and auxiliary matching block 6. Regardingthe function, it is the same as in Embodiment 7.

Embodiment 9

Another configuration of the second matching blocks is shown in FIG. 16.FIG. 16 differs from FIG. 7 in the point that, on the second terminal P2side of T-type matching circuit part 30, there are provided a switchelement 120 form matching and a matching element 121. In the case offrequency f2, switch element 33 and switch element 120 for matching aree.g. made to conduct exclusively. Matching element 121 and secondmatching block 31 and 32 are designed so that the combined impedancewith element 1 and first matching block 2 is chosen to be Z0. Byconfiguring the circuit in this way, it is possible to increase thefreedom in designing the second matching blocks.

Embodiment 10

In the same way as configuring second matching block 3 by using aplurality of elements, first matching block 2 may also be configuredwith a plurality of elements. A configuration example thereof is shownin FIG. 17. In this example, first matching block 2 is composed of afirst series matching block 130 and an auxiliary matching block 131connected to one end thereof. Further, auxiliary matching block 131 maybe connected to either end of first series matching block 130. Firstseries matching block 130 is connected to element 9 via matching circuitpart 8.

As for the configuration of the first matching block, modes other thanthis are possible. All things considered, in a predetermined frequencyband f, if the impedance seen from point A toward element 1 (impedanceZ_(L)(f)) can be chosen to be Z0, any circuit configuration isacceptable.

Application Example

An exemplification of the matching circuit which has been graduallyexplained this far is shown in FIG. 18. FIG. 18 is an example applied toan amplifying circuit operating in two frequency bands, the 2 GHz bandand the 1 GHz band. On the input side of an FET 140, which is a poweramplifier element, the matching circuit shown in FIG. 17 is connected,and on the input side, the matching circuit shown in FIG. 16 isconnected. As for the matching circuit on the input side, first matchingblock 2 has become a first matching block 141. The output side matchingcircuit has, based on the matching circuit shown in FIG. 16, firstmatching block 2 configured with a first matching block 142.

The operation has been explained this far, so an explanation thereofwill be omitted. In FIG. 19A and FIG. 19B, the simulation results forthe amplifier in FIG. 18 are shown. FIG. 19A is a diagram showing thefrequency characteristics in the case where the circuit has been set forthe 2 GHz band. The abscissa axis indicates the frequency and theordinate axis indicates the S parameter. The reflection S₁₁ of thesignal input into first terminal P1 gets attenuated abruptly at 2 GHz.The transmission S₂₁ of the signal input in first terminal P1 exhibits avalue of approximately 14 dB at 2 GHz, so the circuit transmits well.FIG. 19B is a diagram showing the frequency characteristics in the casewhere the circuit has been set for the 1 GHz band. The reflection S₁₁ ofthe signal input into first terminal P1 gets attenuated abruptly at 1GHz. The transmission S₂₁ of the signal input in first terminal P1exhibits a value of approximately 19 dB at 1 GHz, so the circuittransmits well. It is seen that the matching circuit according to thepresent invention functions as a multiband matching circuit.

The matching circuit according to the present invention has an impedanceseen from both ends of a second matching block, inserted between element9 and element 1 and formed with lumped-parameter elements, which is madeto match the impedance Z0 by means of an auxiliary matching block. Also,by raising the number of auxiliary matching blocks, a matching circuithandling a plurality of frequency bands is adopted. Further, since thesecond matching block is formed with lumped elements, it can be madesmaller than prior-art matching circuits configured with transmissionlines.

The effect of the reduction in size is possible to see by comparing FIG.3 showing a conventional matching circuit and FIG. 5 showing thematching circuit of the present invention. FIG. 3 and FIG. 5 arediagrams of circuits made capable of matching in two frequency bandstogether. As against the conventional matching circuit (FIG. 3), thematching circuit of the present invention (FIG. 5) requires in total twoadditional components, one switch element and one auxiliary matchingcircuit. However, the delay circuit 172 required in the conventionalmatching circuit is a large-size component. The size thereof varies withthe frequency band and the used power amplification element, but whene.g., the frequency band is taken to be 1 GHz with a certainamplification element, the width is 0.63 mm and the length is 9.22 mm,or the length is 15.32 mm.

On the other hand, the matching circuit of the present invention can beconfigured with a chip circuit commonly known by the name 0603 andhaving a width of 0.3 mm and a length of 0.6 mm and a MonolithicMicrowave Integrated Circuit several mm square. In other words, all ofthe components constituting the matching circuit of the presentinvention end up amply fitting into the space of delay circuit 172. Inorder to handle still more frequency bands, the number of delay circuits172 must be increased. Consequently, as a matching circuit for multibanduse, the matching circuit of the present invention can be furtherreduced in size, compared to a conventional matching circuit.

1. A matching circuit making the impedance at predetermined pluralfrequencies match with an element whose impedance hasfrequency-dependent characteristics, comprising: a first matching blockconnected at one end to a first terminal to which said element whoseimpedance has frequency-dependent characteristics is connected; one ormore second matching blocks consisting of lumped elements and connectedin series to said first matching block; one or more switch elements; andone or more auxiliary matching blocks connected to said second matchingblock(s) via said switch element(s).
 2. The matching circuit accordingto claim 1, comprising: N L-type circuits each consisting of one saidsecond matching block and a series circuit of one first said switchelement (below referred to as the “first switch element”), connected toone end of said second matching block, and one first said auxiliarymatching block (below referred to as the “first auxiliary matchingblock”); and N shunt circuit block parts, each consisting of a seriescircuit of one second said switch element (below referred to as the“second switch element”) and one second said auxiliary matching block(below referred to as the “second auxiliary matching block”); andwherein N is an integer equal to or greater than 1, said N L-typecircuits have one end of the second matching block of the first L-typecircuit connected in series to said first matching block and one end ofthe second matching block of the next-stage L-type circuit connected tothe other end of said second matching block, N said shunt circuit blockparts are connected to the other end of the second matching block of thelast-stage L-type circuit, and a π-type circuit is formed by a secondauxiliary matching block connected to one said second switch elementmade to conduct, a first auxiliary matching block connected to one saidfirst switch element made to conduct, and the second matching blocksbetween these.
 3. The matching circuit according to claim 1, comprisingN L-type circuits each consisting of said second matching block and aseries circuit of said switch element, connected to one end of saidsecond matching block, and said auxiliary matching block; and a seriessecond matching block; wherein N being an integer equal to or greaterthan 1, said N L-type circuits have one end of the second matching blockof the first L-type circuit connected in series to said first matchingblock and one end of the second matching block of the next-stage L-typecircuit connected to the other end of said second matching block, oneend of said second matching block is connected to the other end of thesecond matching block of the last-stage L-type circuit; the other end ofsaid second matching block is connected to an element whosecharacteristics do not depend on the frequency, and a T-type circuit isconstituted by one said series circuit, said switch element of which istaken to be in a conducting state, and the second matching blocks onboth sides thereof.,
 4. The matching circuit according to claim 2 or 3,wherein N equals
 1. 5. The matching circuit according to any of claims 1to 4, wherein said second matching block is constituted by an L-typecircuit consisting of a series matching block and a series circuit of aswitch element, connected to said series matching block, and a matchingelement.
 6. A matching circuit, comprising: a first matching blockconnected at one end to a first terminal to which an element whoseimpedance has frequency-dependent characteristics is connected; and amatching circuit part constituting a π-type circuit by a second matchingblock connected in series to said first matching block, and switchelement and auxiliary matching block series circuits respectivelyconnected to both ends of said second matching block; and wherein saidsecond matching block is constituted by lumped elements.
 7. A matchingcircuit, comprising: a first matching block connected at one end to afirst terminal to which an element whose impedance hasfrequency-dependent characteristics is connected; and a matching circuitpart constituting a T-type circuit by a second matching block connectedat one end to said first matching block, the next second matching blockconnected at one end to the other end of said second matching block, aseries circuit of a switch element, connected between said secondmatching block and the next second matching block, and an auxiliarymatching block; and wherein said second matching block and said seriessecond matching block are constituted by lumped elements.